MOSFET ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakampani a semiconductor. M'mabwalo apakompyuta, MOSFET nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwalo amplifier mphamvu kapena kusintha mabwalo amagetsi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pansi,OLUKAYadzakupatsani tsatanetsatane wa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya MOSFET ndikusanthula kapangidwe ka mkati mwa MOSFET.
Ndi chiyaniMOSFET
MOSFET, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Ndi transistor yamphamvu yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamabwalo a analogi ndi mabwalo a digito. Malinga ndi kusiyana polarity ake "channel" (ntchito chonyamulira), akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: "N-mtundu" ndi "P-mtundu", amene nthawi zambiri amatchedwa NMOS ndi PMOS.
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya MOSFET
MOSFET ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu owonjezera ndi mtundu wa kuchepa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito. Mtundu wowonjezera umatanthawuza MOSFET pomwe palibe voteji yokondera ndipo palibe conductive channel. Mtundu wochepetsera umatanthawuza MOSFET pomwe palibe voteji yatsankho yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yoyendetsera idzawonekera.
M'mapulogalamu enieni, pali mtundu wowonjezera wa N-channel ndi ma MOSFET amtundu wa P-channel. Popeza ma NMOSFET ali ndi kukana pang'ono paboma ndipo ndiosavuta kupanga, NMOS ndiyofala kwambiri kuposa PMOS pamapulogalamu enieni.
Njira yowonjezera MOSFET
Pali magawo awiri obwerera kumbuyo a PN pakati pa kukhetsa D ndi gwero la S la MOSFET yolimbikitsira. Pamene magetsi olowera pachipata VGS = 0, ngakhale magetsi a VDS atawonjezedwa, nthawi zonse pamakhala mgwirizano wa PN m'malo okondera, ndipo palibe njira yoyendetsera pakati pa kukhetsa ndi gwero (palibe madzi omwe akuyenda panopa. ). Chifukwa chake, kukhetsa kwapano ID=0 panthawiyi.
Panthawi imeneyi, ngati voteji kutsogolo akuwonjezedwa pakati pa chipata ndi gwero. Ndiko kuti, VGS> 0, ndiye malo amagetsi omwe ali ndi chipata chogwirizana ndi gawo la P-mtundu wa silicon adzapangidwa mu SiO2 insulating wosanjikiza pakati pa chipata electrode ndi silicon gawo lapansi. Chifukwa oxide wosanjikiza ndi insulating, voteji VGS ntchito pachipata sangathe kutulutsa panopa. A capacitor amapangidwa mbali zonse za oxide wosanjikiza, ndi VGS wofanana dera amalipira capacitor (capacitor). Ndipo pangani gawo lamagetsi, pomwe VGS ikukwera pang'onopang'ono, kukopeka ndi voteji yabwino pachipata. Ma electron ambiri amaunjikana mbali ina ya capacitor (capacitor) ndikupanga njira yoyendetsera mtundu wa N kuchokera kukhetsa kupita kugwero. VGS ikadutsa voteji ya VT ya chubu (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 2V), chubu cha N-channel chimangoyamba kuchita, ndikupanga ID yapano. Timatcha magetsi a gate-source pomwe tchanelo chimayamba kupanga magetsi oyatsa. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati VT.
Kuwongolera kukula kwa voliyumu ya chipata cha VGS kumasintha mphamvu kapena kufooka kwa gawo lamagetsi, ndipo zotsatira za kuwongolera kukula kwa ID yapano zitha kupezeka. Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma MOSFET omwe amagwiritsa ntchito minda yamagetsi kuti aziwongolera zamakono, choncho amatchedwanso field effect transistors.
MOSFET kapangidwe ka mkati
Pa gawo la P-silicon substrate yokhala ndi ndende yocheperako, zigawo ziwiri za N+ zomwe zimakhala ndi zonyansa zambiri zimapangidwa, ndipo maelekitirodi awiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu yachitsulo kuti akhale ngati drain d ndi gwero s motsatana. Ndiye pamwamba pa semiconductor yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri silikoni dioxide (SiO2) insulating, ndi aluminiyamu elekitirodi anaika pa insulating wosanjikiza pakati kukhetsa ndi gwero kutumikira ngati chipata g. Elekitirodi B imatulutsidwanso pagawo, ndikupanga N-channel yowonjezera-mode MOSFET. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mapangidwe amkati a P-channel enhancement-type MOSFETs.
N-channel MOSFET ndi P-channel MOSFET zizindikiro zozungulira
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha dera la MOSFET. Pachithunzichi, D ndiye kukhetsa, S ndiye gwero, G ndiye chipata, ndipo muvi wapakati umayimira gawo lapansi. Ngati muvi ulozera mkati, umasonyeza N-channel MOSFET, ndipo ngati muviwo ulozera kunja, umasonyeza P-channel MOSFET.
MOSFET yapawiri ya N-channel, P-channel MOSFET ndi N+P-channel MOSFET zizindikiro
M'malo mwake, panthawi yopanga MOSFET, gawo lapansi limalumikizidwa ndi gwero musanachoke ku fakitale. Choncho, mu malamulo ophiphiritsira, chizindikiro cha muvi choyimira gawo lapansi chiyeneranso kulumikizidwa ndi gwero kuti chisiyanitse kukhetsa ndi gwero. Polarity wa magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi MOSFET ndi ofanana ndi transistor athu achikhalidwe. N-channel ikufanana ndi NPN transistor. Kukhetsa D kumalumikizidwa ndi electrode yabwino ndipo gwero la S limalumikizidwa ndi electrode yoyipa. Pamene chipata G chili ndi mpweya wabwino, njira yoyendetsera imapangidwa ndipo N-channel MOSFET imayamba kugwira ntchito. Mofananamo, P-channel ikufanana ndi PNP transistor. Kukhetsa D kumalumikizidwa ndi electrode yoyipa, gwero la S limalumikizidwa ndi ma electrode abwino, ndipo chipata G chikakhala ndi voteji yoyipa, njira yoyendetsera imapangidwa ndipo P-channel MOSFET imayamba kugwira ntchito.
MOSFET kusintha kusintha mfundo
Kaya ndi NMOS kapena PMOS, pali kukana kwamkati kwa conduction komwe kumapangidwa pambuyo poyatsidwa, kotero kuti zomwe zilipo zizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakukana kwamkati uku. Mbali imeneyi ya mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito imatchedwa conduction consumption. Kusankha MOSFET yokhala ndi kukana pang'ono kwamkati kudzachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito conduction. Kukaniza kwamkati kwaposachedwa kwa ma MOSFET otsika mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi makumi a mamiliyoni, ndipo palinso ma miliohm angapo.
MOS ikatsegulidwa ndikuthetsedwa, siyenera kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo. Magetsi kumbali zonse za MOS adzakhala ndi kuchepa kogwira mtima, ndipo zomwe zikuyenda modutsamo zidzakhala ndi kuwonjezeka. Panthawi imeneyi, kutayika kwa MOSFET ndikochokera ku magetsi ndi magetsi, omwe ndi kutayika kosinthika. Nthawi zambiri, zotayika zosinthika zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kutayika kwa conduction, ndipo kufulumira kwakusintha pafupipafupi, kumabweretsa zotayika zambiri.
Zogulitsa zamagetsi ndi zamakono panthawi yoyendetsa ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutaya kwakukulu. Kusintha zotayika zitha kuchepetsedwa m'njira ziwiri. Chimodzi ndicho kuchepetsa nthawi yosinthira, yomwe ingachepetse kutayika panthawi iliyonse yoyatsa; china ndi kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi, komwe kungachepetse chiwerengero cha ma switch pa nthawi ya unit.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za chithunzi cha MOSFET ndi kusanthula kwa mkati mwa MOSFET. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za MOSFET, landirani kukaonana ndi OLUKEY kuti akupatseni chithandizo chaukadaulo cha MOSFET!
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-16-2023
