Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, mowa, zankhondo ndi madera ena, ndipo zimakhala ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone chithunzi chonse cha zida zamagetsi kuchokera pa chithunzi:
Zida zamagetsi za semiconductor zimatha kugawidwa mumtundu wathunthu, mtundu wolamulidwa ndi theka komanso wosasinthika molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma sign a dera. Kapena molingana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu woyendetsa galimoto, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yoyendetsedwa ndi ma voliyumu, yoyendetsedwa ndipano, ndi zina zambiri.
| Gulu | mtundu | Zida zapadera za semiconductor zamphamvu |
| Controllability wa zizindikiro zamagetsi | Mtundu wolamulidwa ndi theka | Chithunzi cha SCR |
| Kulamulira kwathunthu | GTO, GTR, MOSFET, IGBT | |
| wosalamulirika | Power Diode | |
| Kuyendetsa chizindikiro katundu | Mtundu woyendetsedwa ndi Voltage | IGBT, MOSFET, SITH |
| Mtundu woyendetsedwa wamakono | SCR, GTO, GTR | |
| Mawonekedwe amphamvu amphamvu | Mtundu woyambitsa pulse | SCR, GTO |
| Mtundu wowongolera zamagetsi | GTR, MOSFET, IGBT | |
| Mikhalidwe yomwe ma elekitironi onyamula pakali pano amatenga nawo mbali | chipangizo cha bipolar | Power Diode, SCR, GTO, GTR,BSIT,BJT |
| Unipolar chipangizo | MOSFET, SIT | |
| Chida chophatikizika | MCT, IGBT, SITH ndi IGCT |
Zida zosiyanasiyana za semiconductor zamphamvu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga voteji, mphamvu yapano, kuthekera kwa impedance, ndi kukula. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, zida zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi magawo ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
Makampani a semiconductor adutsa mibadwo itatu yakusintha kwazinthu kuyambira kubadwa kwake. Mpaka pano, zinthu zoyamba za semiconductor zoimiridwa ndi Si zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
| Semiconductor zinthu | Bandgap (eV) | Malo osungunuka (K) | ntchito yaikulu | |
| 1st generation semiconductor zipangizo | Ge | 1.1 | 1221 | Low voltage, otsika pafupipafupi, sing'anga mphamvu transistors, photodetectors |
| 2 m'badwo semiconductor zipangizo | Si | 0.7 | 1687 | |
| 3rd m'badwo semiconductor zipangizo | Gas | 1.4 | 1511 | Ma Microwave, ma millimeter wave wave, zida zotulutsa kuwala |
| SiC | 3.05 | 2826 | 1. Kutentha kwapamwamba, maulendo apamwamba, zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito ma radiation 2. Buluu, kalasi, violet kuwala-emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers | |
| GaN | 3.4 | 1973 | ||
| AIN | 6.2 | 2470 | ||
| C | 5.5 | ＞3800 | ||
| ZnO | 3.37 | 2248 | ||
Fotokozerani mwachidule mawonekedwe a zida zamagetsi zoyendetsedwa pang'ono komanso zoyendetsedwa bwino:
| Mtundu wa chipangizo | Chithunzi cha SCR | GTR | MOSFET | IGBT |
| Mtundu wowongolera | Pulse trigger | Ulamuliro wamakono | mphamvu yamagetsi | film center |
| mzere wodzitsekera | Kuyimitsa kwakusintha | chipangizo chozimitsa chokha | chipangizo chozimitsa chokha | chipangizo chozimitsa chokha |
| pafupipafupi ntchito | ＜1khz | ＜30khz | 20khz-Mhz | ＜40khz |
| Mphamvu yoyendetsa | yaying'ono | chachikulu | yaying'ono | yaying'ono |
| kusintha zotayika | chachikulu | chachikulu | chachikulu | chachikulu |
| kutayika kwa conduction | yaying'ono | yaying'ono | chachikulu | yaying'ono |
| Voltage ndi mlingo panopa | 最大 | chachikulu | osachepera | Zambiri |
| Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito | Kutenthetsa kwapakati pafupipafupi | UPS frequency converter | kusintha magetsi | UPS frequency converter |
| mtengo | otsikitsitsa | pansi | pakati | Zokwera mtengo kwambiri |
| conductance modulation effect | kukhala | kukhala | palibe | kukhala |
Dziwani bwino za MOSFET
MOSFET imakhala ndi kulowetsedwa kwakukulu, phokoso lochepa, komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta; ili ndi njira yosavuta yopangira komanso ma radiation amphamvu, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo amplifier kapena kusintha mabwalo;
(1) Zosankha zazikuluzikulu: voteji ya drain-source VDS (kupirira voteji), ID yotuluka mosalekeza, RDS(pa) pa-resistance, Ciss input capacitance (junction capacitance), quality factor FOM=Ron*Qg, etc.
(2) Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, amagawidwa mu TrenchMOS: ngalande MOSFET, makamaka m'munda otsika voteji mkati 100V; SGT (Split Gate) MOSFET: chipata chogawanika cha MOSFET, makamaka pagawo lapakati ndi lotsika lamagetsi mkati mwa 200V; SJ MOSFET: wapamwamba mphambano MOSFET, makamaka mu High voteji kumunda 600-800V;
Mumagetsi osinthika, monga dera lotseguka, kukhetsa kumalumikizidwa ndi katundu wosasunthika, womwe umatchedwa kutsegulira. Mu dera lotseguka, mosasamala kanthu kuti katunduyo akugwirizana bwanji, katundu wamakono akhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kuzimitsa. Ndi chida choyenera chosinthira analogi. Iyi ndiye mfundo ya MOSFET ngati chipangizo chosinthira.
Pankhani ya magawo amsika, ma MOSFET pafupifupi onse amakhala m'manja mwa opanga akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi. Mwa iwo, Infineon adapeza IR (American International Rectifier Company) mu 2015 ndipo adakhala mtsogoleri wamakampani. ON Semiconductor adamalizanso kupeza Fairchild Semiconductor mu September 2016. , gawo la msika linalumphira kumalo achiwiri, ndiyeno malonda a malonda anali Renesas, Toshiba, IWC, ST, Vishay, Anshi, Magna, etc.;
Mitundu yayikulu ya MOSFET imagawidwa m'magulu angapo: aku America, Japan ndi Korea.
Mndandanda waku America: Infineon, IR, Fairchild, ON Semiconductor, ST, TI, PI, AOS, etc.;
Chijapani: Toshiba, Renesas, ROHM, ndi zina zotero;
Mndandanda waku Korea: Magna, KEC, AUK, Morina Hiroshi, Shinan, KIA
Magawo a phukusi la MOSFET
Malinga ndi momwe imayikidwira pa bolodi la PCB, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya phukusi la MOSFET: plug-in (Kupyolera mu Hole) ndi pamwamba phiri (Mount Mount). pa
Mtundu wa pulagi-mu zikutanthauza kuti zikhomo za MOSFET kudutsa mabowo okwera a bolodi PCB ndi welded kwa bolodi PCB. Phukusi lodziwika bwino la plug-in limaphatikizapo: phukusi lapawiri pamzere (DIP), phukusi la transistor outline (TO), ndi pini grid array package (PGA).
Pulagi-mu phukusi
Kuyika pamwamba ndipamene zikhomo za MOSFET ndi flange zowotchera kutentha zimakokedwera pamapadi omwe ali pamwamba pa bolodi la PCB. Phukusi lapamwamba lapamwamba limaphatikizapo: transistor outline (D-PAK), small outline transistor (SOT), small outline package (SOP), quad flat package (QFP), plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC), etc.
pamwamba phiri phukusi
Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, matabwa PCB monga mavabodi ndi zithunzi makadi panopa ntchito pang'onopang'ono pulagi-mu ma CD, ndipo pamwamba pamwamba phiri ma CD ntchito.
1. Phukusi lapawiri pamzere (DIP)
Phukusi la DIP lili ndi mizere iwiri ya mapini ndipo imayenera kulowetsedwa mu socket ya chip yokhala ndi DIP. Njira yake yochokera ndi SDIP (Shrink DIP), yomwe ndi phukusi la mizere iwiri. Kachulukidwe ka pini ndi ka 6 kuposa ka DIP.
DIP ma CD ma CD ma CD akuphatikizapo: Mipikisano wosanjikiza ceramic dual-in-line DIP, single-wosanjikiza ceramic dual-in-line DIP, lead frame DIP (kuphatikiza galasi-ceramic yosindikiza mtundu, pulasitiki encapsulation structure, ceramic low-melting glass encapsulation). mtundu) etc. Makhalidwe a DIP ma CD ndi kuti mosavuta kuzindikira kudzera-dzenje kuwotcherera matabwa PCB ndipo ali ngakhale wabwino ndi mavabodi.
Komabe, chifukwa malo ake oyikapo ndi makulidwe ake ndi akulu, ndipo zikhomo zimawonongeka mosavuta panthawi ya pulagi ndi kutulutsa, kudalirika kumakhala koyipa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha chikoka cha ndondomekoyi, chiwerengero cha zikhomo nthawi zambiri sichidutsa 100. Choncho, pokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa kwakukulu kwa mafakitale a zamagetsi, ma CD a DIP achoka pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa siteji ya mbiri yakale.
2. Phukusi la Transistor Outline (TO)
Zolemba zoyambirira, monga TO-3P, TO-247, TO-92, TO-92L, TO-220, TO-220F, TO-251, ndi zina zonse ndi mapangidwe a plug-in.
TO-3P/247: Ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi apakatikati komanso ma MOSFET apano. The mankhwala ali ndi makhalidwe a mkulu kupirira voteji ndi amphamvu kusweka kukana. ku
TO-220/220F: TO-220F ndi phukusi la pulasitiki lathunthu, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowonjezera pad insulating poyiyika pa radiator; TO-220 ili ndi pepala lachitsulo lolumikizidwa ndi pini yapakati, ndipo pad yotchinga imafunika pakuyika radiator. Ma MOSFET amitundu iwiriyi ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana. ku
TO-251: Chogulitsa ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwazinthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi magetsi apakati komanso apamwamba omwe ali pansi pa 60A ndi magetsi apamwamba pansi pa 7N. ku
TO-92: Phukusili limangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi otsika a MOSFET (omwe ali pansi pa 10A, kupirira voteji pansi pa 60V) ndi 1N60/65 yapamwamba kwambiri, kuti achepetse ndalama.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha mtengo wowotcherera wopangira ma plug-in komanso kutsika kwa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kuzinthu zamtundu wa zigamba, kufunikira kwa msika wapamtunda kwapitilira kukula, zomwe zapangitsanso kuti ma CD apangidwe. mu pamwamba mount phukusi.
TO-252 (yomwe imatchedwanso D-PAK) ndi TO-263 (D2PAK) onse ndi mapaketi okwera pamwamba.
TO phukusi mawonekedwe azinthu
TO252/D-PAK ndi phukusi la pulasitiki la chip, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyika ma transistors amagetsi ndi tchipisi tamagetsi okhazikika. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamakono zamakono. The MOSFET ntchito ma CD njira ali maelekitirodi atatu, chipata (G), kuda (D), ndi gwero (S). Pini ya drain (D) yadulidwa ndikusagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo mwake, kutentha kwakuya kumbuyo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukhetsa (D), komwe kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku PCB. Kumbali imodzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mafunde akulu, ndipo kumbali ina, imataya kutentha kudzera mu PCB. Chifukwa chake, pali mapadi atatu a D-PAK pa PCB, ndipo pad (D) pad ndi yayikulu. Mapaketi ake ndi awa:
TO-252/D-PAK makulidwe a phukusi
TO-263 ndi mtundu wa TO-220. Amapangidwa makamaka kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga bwino komanso kutaya kutentha. Imathandizira kwambiri zamakono komanso magetsi. Ndizofala kwambiri mu ma MOSFET apakati-voltage apamwamba-panopa pansi pa 150A ndi pamwamba pa 30V. Kuphatikiza pa D2PAK (TO-263AB), imaphatikizanso TO263-2, TO263-3, TO263-5, TO263-7 ndi masitaelo ena, omwe ali pansi pa TO-263, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mtunda wa zikhomo. .
TO-263/D2PAK kukula kwa phukusis
3. Pin grid array package (PGA)
Pali mapini angapo masikweya mkati ndi kunja kwa PGA (Pin Grid Array Package) chip. Pini iliyonse yamagulu angapo imakonzedwa pamtunda wina kuzungulira chip. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zikhomo, imatha kupangidwa kukhala mabwalo 2 mpaka 5. Pakuyika, ingolowetsani chip mu socket yapadera ya PGA. Zili ndi ubwino wa pulagi yosavuta ndi kumasula ndi kudalirika kwambiri, ndipo imatha kusinthasintha ndi maulendo apamwamba.
Mtundu wa PGA
Magawo ake ambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu za ceramic, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito utomoni wapadera wapulasitiki ngati gawo lapansi. Pankhani yaukadaulo, mtunda wapakati wa pini nthawi zambiri umakhala 2.54mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zikhomo kumayambira 64 mpaka 447. Makhalidwe amtundu woterewu ndikuti malo ang'onoang'ono amapaka (voliyumu), amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (ntchito). ) imatha kupirira, ndipo mosemphanitsa. Mapaketi awa a tchipisi anali ofala kwambiri m'masiku oyambilira, ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri monga ma CPU. Mwachitsanzo, Intel's 80486 ndi Pentium onse amagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe kameneka; sichimatengedwa kwambiri ndi opanga MOSFET.
4. Phukusi Laling'ono la Transistor (SOT)
SOT (Small Out-Line Transistor) ndi chigamba mtundu yaing'ono mphamvu transistor phukusi, makamaka kuphatikizapo SOT23, SOT89, SOT143, SOT25 (ie SOT23-5), etc. SOT323, SOT363/SOT26 (ie SOT23-6) ndi mitundu ina ndi zotengedwa, zomwe ndi zazing'ono kukula kuposa TO phukusi.
Mtundu wa phukusi la SOT
SOT23 ndi phukusi la transistor lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri lomwe lili ndi zikhomo zitatu zooneka ngati mapiko, zomwe ndi otolera, emitter ndi maziko, omwe amalembedwa mbali zonse za mbali yayitali ya gawolo. Pakati pawo, emitter ndi maziko ali mbali imodzi. Amakhala odziwika mu ma transistors otsika mphamvu, ma transistors am'munda ndi ma transistors ophatikizika okhala ndi ma resistor network. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu zabwino koma solderability osauka. Maonekedwe akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi (a) pansipa.
SOT89 ili ndi zikhomo zitatu zazifupi zomwe zimagawidwa mbali imodzi ya transistor. Mbali inayi ndi zitsulo zotenthetsera zachitsulo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maziko kuti ziwonjezeke kutulutsa kutentha. Ndizofala mu silicon power surface mount transistors ndipo ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapamwamba. Maonekedwe akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi (b) pansipa. ku
SOT143 ili ndi zikhomo zinayi zazifupi zooneka ngati mapiko, zomwe zimatuluka mbali zonse ziwiri. Mapeto aakulu a pini ndi osonkhanitsa. Phukusi lamtunduwu ndilofala kwambiri pama transistors apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi (c) pansipa. ku
SOT252 ndi transistor yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi zikhomo zitatu zotsogola mbali imodzi, ndipo pini yapakati ndi yaifupi komanso yosonkhanitsa. Lumikizani ku pini yokulirapo kumapeto kwina, yomwe ndi pepala lamkuwa lochotsa kutentha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi (d) pansipa.
Kuyerekeza kowoneka bwino kwa phukusi la SOT
Makina anayi a SOT-89 MOSFET amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamabodi a amayi. Mafotokozedwe ake ndi makulidwe ake ndi awa:
SOT-89 MOSFET kukula kwake (gawo: mm)
5. Phukusi Laling'ono Laling'ono (SOP)
SOP (Phukusi Laling'ono Laling'ono) ndi imodzi mwamaphukusi okwera pamwamba, omwe amatchedwanso SOL kapena DFP. Zikhomo zimakokedwa mbali zonse za phukusilo ngati mapiko a seagull (L mawonekedwe). Zida ndi pulasitiki ndi ceramic. Miyezo yoyika SOP imaphatikizapo SOP-8, SOP-16, SOP-20, SOP-28, etc. Nambala pambuyo pa SOP imasonyeza chiwerengero cha zikhomo. Maphukusi ambiri a MOSFET SOP amatengera mawonekedwe a SOP-8. Makampani nthawi zambiri amasiya "P" ndikufupikitsa kuti SO (Small Out-Line).
SOP-8 phukusi kukula
SO-8 idapangidwa koyamba ndi PHILIP Company. Imapakidwa mupulasitiki, ilibe mbale yapansi yochotsa kutentha, komanso imakhala ndi kutentha kosakwanira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma MOSFET opanda mphamvu. Pambuyo pake, zodziwika bwino monga TSOP (Phukusi Laling'ono Laling'ono Laling'ono), VSOP (Phukusi Laling'ono Laling'ono Kwambiri), SSOP (Shrink SOP), TSSOP (Thin Shrink SOP), ndi zina zotero zinatengedwa pang'onopang'ono; mwa iwo, TSOP ndi TSSOP amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzopaka za MOSFET.
Mafotokozedwe a SOP omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma MOSFET
Phukusi la Quad Flat (QFP)
Mtunda pakati pa zikhomo za chip mu phukusi la QFP (Pulasitiki Quad Flat Package) ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zikhomo ndizochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo akuluakulu ophatikizika, ndipo chiwerengero cha zikhomo nthawi zambiri chimakhala choposa 100. Ma chips omwe amaikidwa mu mawonekedwe awa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito luso la SMT pamwamba kuti agulitsire chip pa bolodi. Njira yopakirayi ili ndi mikhalidwe inayi ikuluikulu: ① Ndi yoyenera ukadaulo wokwera wa SMD kuti muyike mawaya pama board a PCB; ② Ndioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi; ③ Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imakhala yodalirika kwambiri; ④ Chiŵerengero pakati pa malo a chip ndi malo oyikapo ndi ochepa. Mofanana ndi njira yopangira PGA, njira yopakirayi imakutira chip mu phukusi la pulasitiki ndipo sichingathe kutulutsa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pamene chip chikugwira ntchito panthawi yake. Imaletsa kuwongolera kwa magwiridwe antchito a MOSFET; ndi mapulasitiki apulasitiki okha amawonjezera kukula kwa chipangizocho, chomwe sichimakwaniritsa zofunikira pa chitukuko cha semiconductors kuti zikhale zowala, zoonda, zazifupi, ndi zazing'ono. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa ma CD njira zimachokera ku chip chimodzi, chomwe chimakhala ndi mavuto ochepetsera kupanga bwino komanso mtengo wapamwamba wonyamula. Chifukwa chake, QFP ndiyoyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumayendedwe a digito a LSI monga ma microprocessors/masanjidwe a zitseko, ndipo ndiyoyeneranso kulongedza zinthu zamtundu wa analogi wa LSI monga kukonza ma siginecha a VTR ndikusintha ma audio.
7, phukusi lathyathyathya la Quad lopanda mayendedwe (QFN)
Phukusi la QFN (Quad Flat Non-leaded package) lili ndi ma electrode mbali zonse zinayi. Popeza palibe mayendedwe, malo okwera ndi ochepa kuposa QFP ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kochepa kuposa QFP. Pakati pawo, ceramic QFN imatchedwanso LCC (Leadless Chip Carriers), ndi pulasitiki yotsika mtengo ya QFN yogwiritsira ntchito galasi epoxy resin yosindikizidwa gawo lapansi loyambira limatchedwa pulasitiki LCC, PCLC, P-LCC, ndi zina zotero. ukadaulo wokhala ndi pad size yaying'ono, voliyumu yaying'ono, ndi pulasitiki ngati zinthu zosindikizira. QFN imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyika magawo ophatikizika, ndipo MOSFET sidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa Intel anaganiza zoyendetsa ophatikizana ndi yankho la MOSFET, idayambitsa DrMOS mu phukusi la QFN-56 ("56" amatanthauza mapini olumikizira 56 kumbuyo kwa chip).
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti phukusi la QFN lili ndi mawonekedwe akunja akunja monga phukusi laling'ono laling'ono (TSSOP), koma kukula kwake ndi 62% kochepa kuposa TSSOP. Malinga ndi data yofananira ya QFN, magwiridwe ake amatenthedwe ndi 55% kuposa a TSSOP ma CD, ndipo magwiridwe ake amagetsi (inductance ndi capacitance) ndi 60% ndi 30% apamwamba kuposa ma CDSOP motsatana. Choyipa chachikulu ndikuti ndizovuta kukonza.
DrMOS mu phukusi la QFN-56
Magetsi amtundu wa DC/DC otsika-pansi sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuchulukira kwamagetsi, komanso sangathetse vuto la parasitic parameter pamayendedwe apamwamba. Ndi luso komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, zakhala zenizeni kuphatikiza madalaivala ndi ma MOSFET kuti apange ma module amitundu yambiri. Njira yophatikizira iyi imatha kupulumutsa malo ambiri ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa kwa madalaivala ndi ma MOSFET, zakhala zenizeni. Kuchita bwino kwamphamvu komanso apamwamba kwambiri a DC pano, iyi ndi DrMOS Integrated driver IC.
Renesas 2nd generation DrMOS
Phukusi lopanda kutsogolera la QFN-56 limapangitsa kuti DrMOS azitha kutentha kwambiri; ndi mawaya amkati ndi kapangidwe ka kopanira zamkuwa, ma waya akunja a PCB amatha kuchepetsedwa, potero amachepetsa inductance ndi kukana. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yakuya ya silicon MOSFET yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imathanso kuchepetsa kuwongolera, kusinthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipata; imagwirizana ndi olamulira osiyanasiyana, imatha kukwaniritsa njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, ndipo imathandizira njira yosinthira gawo la APS (Auto Phase Switching). Kuphatikiza pa kulongedza kwa QFN, mapaketi awiri amtundu wa flat no-lead (DFN) ndi njira yatsopano yopakira pakompyuta yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana a ON Semiconductor. Poyerekeza ndi QFN, DFN ili ndi maelekitirodi otsogolera ochepa mbali zonse ziwiri.
8, Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
PLCC (Pulasitiki Quad Flat Package) ili ndi mawonekedwe a square ndipo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa phukusi la DIP. Ili ndi mapini 32 okhala ndi mapini kuzungulira. Zikhomo zimatsogozedwa kuchokera kumbali zinayi za phukusilo mu mawonekedwe a T. Ndi mankhwala apulasitiki. Mtunda wapakati wa pini ndi 1.27mm, ndipo chiwerengero cha zikhomo chimachokera ku 18 mpaka 84. Zikhomo zooneka ngati J sizimapunduka mosavuta ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ntchito kuposa QFP, koma kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kupaka kwa PLCC ndikoyenera kukhazikitsa mawaya pa PCB pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa SMT pamwamba. Ili ndi ubwino wa kukula kochepa komanso kudalirika kwakukulu. Kupaka kwa PLCC ndikofala kwambiri ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu logic LSI, DLD (kapena chipangizo cha logic) ndi mabwalo ena. Mapaketi awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BIOS board, koma pakadali pano sapezeka mu MOSFETs.
Kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera mabizinesi akuluakulu
Chifukwa chakukula kwamagetsi otsika komanso kuchuluka kwamakono mu ma CPU, ma MOSFET amayenera kukhala ndi zotulutsa zazikulu, zosakanizidwa, kutulutsa kutentha pang'ono, kutulutsa kutentha mwachangu, komanso kukula kochepa. Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera ukadaulo wopanga ma chip ndi njira, opanga MOSFET akupitilizanso kukonza ukadaulo wolongedza. Pamaziko ogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe anthawi zonse, amapangira mawonekedwe atsopano ndikulembetsa mayina amtundu wamapaketi atsopano omwe apanga.
1, RENESAS WPAK, LFPAK ndi LFPAK-I phukusi
WPAK ndi phukusi lotentha kwambiri lopangidwa ndi Renesas. Potsanzira phukusi la D-PAK, choyikira cha kutentha kwa chip chimawotchedwa pa bolodi la amayi, ndipo kutentha kumatulutsidwa kudzera pa bolodi la amayi, kotero kuti phukusi laling'ono la WPAK likhozanso kufika pa D-PAK. WPAK-D2 mapaketi awiri apamwamba/otsika a MOSFET kuti muchepetse kuyika kwa waya.
Renesas WPAK kukula kwa phukusi
LFPAK ndi LFPAK-I ndi mapaketi ena awiri ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi Renesas omwe amagwirizana ndi SO-8. LFPAK ndi yofanana ndi D-PAK, koma yaying'ono kuposa D-PAK. LFPAK-i imayika choyimira cha kutentha m'mwamba kuti chiwononge kutentha kudzera mu sinki ya kutentha.
Renesas LFPAK ndi LFPAK-I phukusi
2. Vishay Power-PAK ndi Polar-PAK phukusi
Power-PAK ndi dzina la phukusi la MOSFET lolembetsedwa ndi Vishay Corporation. Power-PAK imaphatikizapo magawo awiri: Power-PAK1212-8 ndi Power-PAK SO-8.
Vishay Power-PAK1212-8 phukusi
Vishay Power-PAK SO-8 phukusi
Polar PAK ndi phukusi laling'ono lomwe lili ndi kutentha kwa mbali ziwiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwamakina apamwamba a Vishay. Polar PAK ndi yofanana ndi phukusi wamba so-8. Lili ndi mfundo zowonongeka kumbali zonse zapamwamba ndi zapansi za phukusi. Sikophweka kudziunjikira kutentha mkati mwa phukusi ndipo kungathe kuonjezera kachulukidwe kameneka kameneka kakugwira ntchito kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa SO-8. Pakadali pano, Vishay ali ndi chilolezo chaukadaulo wa Polar PAK ku STMicroelectronics.
Vishay Polar PAK phukusi
3. Onsemi SO-8 ndi WDFN8 phukusi lotsogolera lathyathyathya
ON Semiconductor yapanga mitundu iwiri ya ma MOSFET otsogola, omwe ma SO-8 otsogola otsogola amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matabwa ambiri. PA Semiconductor's NVMx yomwe yangoyambitsidwa kumene ndi NVTx mphamvu MOSFETs amagwiritsa ntchito compact DFN5 (SO-8FL) ndi WDFN8 phukusi kuti achepetse kutayika kwa conduction. Imakhalanso ndi QG yotsika komanso kuthekera kochepetsa kutayika kwa madalaivala.
ON Semiconductor SO-8 Flat Lead Phukusi
PA Semiconductor WDFN8 phukusi
4. Kupaka kwa NXP LFPAK ndi QLPAK
NXP (yomwe kale inali Philps) yasintha ukadaulo wapackage wa SO-8 kukhala LFPAK ndi QLPAK. Pakati pawo, LFPAK imatengedwa kuti ndi mphamvu yodalirika kwambiri phukusi la SO-8 padziko lapansi; pomwe QLPAK ili ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi wamba SO-8, QLPAK ali PCB bolodi dera 6 * 5mm ndipo ali ndi kukana matenthedwe 1.5k/W.
NXP LFPAK phukusi
NXP QLPAK phukusi
4. Phukusi la ST Semiconductor PowerSO-8
STMicroelectronics 'mphamvu MOSFET chip ma phukusi matekinoloje monga SO-8, PowerSO-8, PowerFLAT, DirectFET, PolarPAK, etc. Pakati pawo, Mphamvu SO-8 ndi Baibulo bwino SO-8. Kuphatikiza apo, pali PowerSO-10, PowerSO-20, TO-220FP, H2PAK-2 ndi phukusi lina.
STMicroelectronics Power SO-8 phukusi
5. Phukusi la Fairchild Semiconductor Power 56
Power 56 ndi dzina lapadera la Farichild, ndipo dzina lake lovomerezeka ndi DFN5×6. Malo ake olongedza ndikufanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri TSOP-8, ndipo phukusi lopyapyala limasunga kutalika kwachilolezo, ndipo kapangidwe ka Thermal-Pad pansi kumachepetsa kukana kwamafuta. Chifukwa chake, ambiri opanga zida zamagetsi atumiza DFN5 × 6.
Fairchild Power 56 phukusi
6. Phukusi la International Rectifier (IR) Direct FET
Direct FET imapereka kuziziritsa kwapamwamba kwapamwamba mu SO-8 kapena pang'ono pang'ono ndipo ndiyoyenera kusinthira mphamvu ya AC-DC ndi DC-DC pamakompyuta, ma laputopu, matelefoni ndi zida zamagetsi zogula. Kumanga kwachitsulo kwa DirectFET kumapereka kutentha kwa mbali ziwiri, kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu zomwe zilipo zosinthira ma buck-frequency DC-DC poyerekeza ndi mapaketi apulasitiki apulasitiki. Phukusi la Direct FET ndi mtundu wokhazikika, wokhala ndi chotengera (D) chotenthetsera choyang'ana m'mwamba ndikukutidwa ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo, momwe kutentha kumatayikira. Kupaka kwa Direct FET kumathandizira kwambiri kutulutsa kutentha ndipo kumatenga malo ochepa ndi kutentha kwabwino.
Fotokozerani mwachidule
M'tsogolomu, pamene makampani opanga zamagetsi akupitiriza kukula motsatira njira zowonda kwambiri, miniaturization, low voltage, ndi high current, maonekedwe ndi mapangidwe amkati a MOSFET asinthanso kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa za chitukuko cha kupanga. makampani. Kuonjezera apo, pofuna kuchepetsa mwayi wosankha opanga zamagetsi, momwe MOSFET ikukulirakulira motsatira ndondomeko ya modularization ndi ma CD-level phukusi zidzaonekera kwambiri, ndipo malonda adzakula mogwirizanitsa kuchokera kumagulu angapo monga ntchito ndi mtengo. . Phukusi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakusankha kwa MOSFET. Zogulitsa zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, ndipo malo oyikamo osiyanasiyana amafunikiranso kukula kofananira kuti akwaniritse. Posankha kwenikweni, chisankho chiyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zosowa zenizeni pansi pa mfundo yaikulu. Machitidwe ena apakompyuta amachepetsedwa ndi kukula kwa PCB ndi kutalika kwa mkati. Mwachitsanzo, magawo amagetsi amagetsi olumikizirana nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phukusi la DFN5 * 6 ndi DFN3 * 3 chifukwa choletsa kutalika; muzinthu zina zamagetsi za ACDC, mapangidwe owonda kwambiri kapena chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zipolopolo ndizoyenera kusonkhanitsa ma MOSFET a TO220. Panthawiyi, zikhomo zimatha kulowetsedwa mwachindunji muzu, zomwe sizoyenera TO247 zopangidwa ndi phukusi; zojambula zina zoonda kwambiri zimafuna kuti zikhomo za chipangizocho zikhale zopindika ndikuziyika pansi, zomwe zidzawonjezera zovuta za kusankha kwa MOSFET.
Momwe mungasankhire MOSFET
Katswiri wina adandiuza kuti sanayang'ane tsamba loyamba lachidziwitso cha MOSFET chifukwa chidziwitso "chothandiza" chimangowonekera patsamba lachiwiri ndi kupitirira apo. Pafupifupi tsamba lililonse patsamba la data la MOSFET lili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwa opanga. Koma sizidziwika nthawi zonse momwe mungatanthauzire zomwe opanga amapanga.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zina mwazofunikira za MOSFETs, momwe zimatchulidwira pa datasheet, ndi chithunzi chomveka chomwe muyenera kumvetsetsa. Monga zida zambiri zamagetsi, ma MOSFET amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe yoyezetsa yomwe zizindikiro zomwe tatchulazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunikiranso kumvetsetsa ngati zizindikiro zomwe mukuziwona mu "Zoyambitsa Zamalonda" zili "zapamwamba" kapena "zofanana" chifukwa mapepala ena samamveketsa bwino.
Mphamvu yamagetsi
Chikhalidwe chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira MOSFET ndi VDS yake ya drain-source voltage, kapena "drain-source breakdown voltage", yomwe ndi voteji yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe MOSFET imatha kupirira popanda kuwonongeka pamene chipata chikafupikitsidwa kupita kugwero ndi kukhetsa kwapano. ndi 250μA. . VDS imatchedwanso "voltage yapamwamba kwambiri pa 25 ° C", koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti voteji iyi imadalira kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri papepala la data pamakhala "VDS coefficient". Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti VDS yayikulu ndi voteji ya DC kuphatikiza ma spikes ndi ma ripples aliwonse omwe angakhalepo pozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha 30V pamagetsi a 30V okhala ndi 100mV, 5ns spike, voliyumu imapitilira malire a chipangizocho ndipo chipangizocho chikhoza kulowa munjira ya chigumukire. Pankhaniyi, kudalirika kwa MOSFET sikungatsimikizidwe. Pa kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu yowonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, ma MOSFET ena a N-channel okhala ndi voteji ya 600V amakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino. Pamene akuyandikira kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphambano yawo, kutentha kwapakati kumapangitsa kuti ma MOSFET awa azikhala ngati 650V MOSFETs. Malamulo ambiri a ogwiritsa ntchito a MOSFET amafunikira kutsika kwa 10% mpaka 20%. Muzojambula zina, poganizira kuti mphamvu yeniyeni yowonongeka ndi 5% mpaka 10% kuposa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa 25 ° C, malire oyenerera oyenerera adzawonjezedwa ku mapangidwe enieni, omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pakupanga. Chofunikiranso pakusankha koyenera kwa ma MOSFET ndikumvetsetsa gawo la magetsi a gate-source VGS panthawi ya conduction. Voltage iyi ndi voteji yomwe imatsimikizira kuyendetsa kwathunthu kwa MOSFET pansi pa chikhalidwe chopatsidwa cha RDS(pa). Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutsutsa nthawi zonse kumagwirizana ndi mlingo wa VGS, ndipo ndi pamagetsi awa pomwe chipangizochi chikhoza kuyatsidwa. Chotsatira chofunikira ndi chakuti simungathe kuyatsa MOSFET mokwanira ndi magetsi otsika kuposa VGS yocheperako yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mukwaniritse kuchuluka kwa RDS(on). Mwachitsanzo, kuti muyendetse MOSFET mokwanira ndi 3.3V microcontroller, muyenera kuyatsa MOSFET pa VGS = 2.5V kapena kutsika.
Pa-kutsutsa, chipata cha chipata, ndi "chiwerengero cha merit"
Kukaniza kwa MOSFET nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa pamagetsi amodzi kapena angapo kuchokera pachipata kupita kugwero. Kuchuluka kwa RDS (pa) malire kumatha kukhala 20% mpaka 50% kuposa mtengo wamba. Kuchuluka kwa malire a RDS(pa) nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuza mtengo wapamtunda wa 25°C. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, RDS (pa) ikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 30% mpaka 150%, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Popeza RDS (pa) imasintha ndi kutentha ndipo mtengo wocheperako sungathe kutsimikiziridwa, kuzindikira zamakono zochokera ku RDS (pa) si. njira yolondola kwambiri.
Chithunzi 1 RDS (pa) imawonjezeka ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 30% mpaka 150% ya kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito
Kukaniza ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa ma MOSFET onse a N-channel ndi P-channel. Posintha mphamvu zamagetsi, Qg ndiye chofunikira chosankha ma N-channel MOSFET omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira magetsi chifukwa Qg imakhudza kutayika kwa kusintha. Zotayika izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri: imodzi ndi nthawi yosinthira yomwe imakhudza MOSFET ndikuyimitsa; chinacho ndi mphamvu zofunika kulipira chipata capacitance pa ndondomeko iliyonse kusintha. Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukumbukira ndi chakuti Qg imadalira mphamvu yamagetsi, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito Vgs kumachepetsa kutayika kwa kusintha. Monga njira yachangu yofananizira ma MOSFET omwe amafunidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito posintha mapulogalamu, opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokhala ndi RDS(on) pakuwonongeka kwa conduction ndi Qg posintha zotayika: RDS(on)xQg. "Figure of merit" (FOM) iyi ikufotokozera mwachidule momwe chipangizochi chimagwirira ntchito ndikulola kuti ma MOSFET afanizidwe malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri kapena kuchuluka kwake. Kuti muwonetsetse kufananitsa kolondola pazida zonse, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti VGS yomweyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa RDS(pa) ndi Qg, komanso kuti zowona komanso zopambana sizikusakanizidwa m'mabuku. FOM yotsika ikupatsani magwiridwe antchito abwinoko pakusintha mapulogalamu, koma sizotsimikizika. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zofananira zitha kupezeka mudera lenileni, ndipo nthawi zina dera lingafunike kukonzedwa bwino pa MOSFET iliyonse. Kuyesedwa kwaposachedwa komanso kutha kwa mphamvu, kutengera miyeso yosiyana, ma MOSFET ambiri amakhala ndi mafunde amodzi kapena angapo mosalekeza papepala la data. Mudzafuna kuyang'ana pa pepala la deta mosamala kuti muwone ngati muyesowo uli pa kutentha kwapadera (monga TC=25°C), kapena kutentha kozungulira (monga TA=25°C). Ndi iti mwa mfundo izi yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri itengera mawonekedwe a chipangizocho ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake (onani Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 2 Zonse zamtengo wapatali zamakono ndi zamphamvu ndi deta yeniyeni
Pazida zing'onozing'ono zokwera pamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'manja, mulingo woyenera kwambiri womwe ungakhalepo pa kutentha kozungulira 70 ° C. Pazida zazikulu zokhala ndi masinki otentha komanso kuziziritsa mpweya mokakamiza, mulingo wapano pa TA=25 ℃ utha kukhala pafupi ndi momwe zilili. Pazida zina, kufa kumatha kupirira kwambiri pakalipano pakutentha kwake kopitilira muyeso kuposa malire a phukusi. M'mapepala ena a data, "die-limited" panopa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera pa "package-limited" zomwe zilipo panopa, zomwe zingakupatseni lingaliro la kulimba kwa imfa. Malingaliro ofananawo amagwiranso ntchito pakuwonongeka kwamphamvu kosalekeza, komwe kumadalira osati kutentha kokha komanso nthawi yake. Tangoganizani chipangizo chikugwira ntchito mosalekeza pa PD=4W kwa masekondi 10 pa TA=70 ℃. Zomwe zimapanga nthawi "yopitilira" zimasiyana malinga ndi phukusi la MOSFET, chifukwa chake mudzafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chiwembu chokhazikika cha kutentha kwanthawi yayitali kuchokera pa datasheet kuti muwone momwe kutha kwa magetsi kumawonekera pambuyo pa masekondi 10, masekondi 100, kapena mphindi 10. . Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa chipangizochi pambuyo pa 10-sekondi imodzi imakhala pafupifupi 0.33, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti phukusi likafika pa kutentha kwapakati pa mphindi pafupifupi 10, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa chipangizochi ndi 1.33W yokha m'malo mwa 4W. . Ngakhale mphamvu ya kutentha kwa chipangizocho imatha kufika pafupifupi 2W pozizira bwino.
Chithunzi 3 Kukaniza kwamafuta kwa MOSFET pamene kugunda kwamphamvu kukugwiritsidwa ntchito
M'malo mwake, titha kugawa momwe tingasankhire MOSFET m'magawo anayi.
Gawo loyamba: sankhani njira ya N kapena P
Gawo loyamba pakusankha chipangizo choyenera pamapangidwe anu ndikusankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya N kapena P-channel MOSFET. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, MOSFET ikalumikizidwa pansi ndipo katunduyo alumikizidwa ndi magetsi a mains, MOSFET imapanga chosinthira cham'mbali. M'mbali yotsika, ma MOSFET a N-channel amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa choganizira mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imafunika kuzimitsa kapena kuyatsa chipangizocho. MOSFET ikalumikizidwa ndi basi ndikunyamula pansi, chosinthira chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. P-channel MOSFETs nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu topology iyi, zomwe zimachitikanso chifukwa cha ma voltage drive. Kuti musankhe chipangizo choyenera cha pulogalamu yanu, muyenera kudziwa mphamvu yamagetsi yoyendetsera chipangizocho komanso njira yosavuta yochitira pakupanga kwanu. Chotsatira ndicho kudziwa kuchuluka kwa voteji yofunikira, kapena mphamvu yayikulu yomwe chipangizocho chingathe kupirira. Kukwera kwa voteji kumakwera mtengo wa chipangizocho. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika, mphamvu yovotera iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa magetsi a mains kapena ma basi. Izi zidzapereka chitetezo chokwanira kuti MOSFET isalephere. Posankha MOSFET, m'pofunika kudziwa voteji pazipita kuti akhoza analekerera kukhetsa ku gwero, ndiye VDS pazipita. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya MOSFET imatha kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha. Okonza ayenera kuyesa kusiyanasiyana kwa magetsi pamtundu wonse wa kutentha kwa ntchito. Ma voliyumu ovotera ayenera kukhala ndi malire okwanira kuti azitha kusiyanasiyana kuwonetsetsa kuti dera silingalephereke. Zinthu zina zachitetezo zomwe mainjiniya opanga mapulani amayenera kuziganizira ndikuphatikiza ma voltage transients omwe amapangidwa ndi kusintha kwamagetsi monga ma mota kapena ma transfoma. Ma voliyumu ovoteledwa amasiyanasiyana pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana; kawirikawiri, 20V kwa zipangizo kunyamula, 20-30V kwa FPGA magetsi, ndi 450-600V kwa 85-220VAC ntchito.
Gawo 2: Dziwani nthawi yomwe idavoteledwa
Gawo lachiwiri ndikusankha mavoti apano a MOSFET. Malingana ndi kachitidwe ka dera, izi zovotera panopa ziyenera kukhala zowonjezereka zomwe katunduyo angathe kupirira pazochitika zonse. Mofanana ndi momwe magetsi amakhalira, wopanga ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti MOSFET yosankhidwa ikhoza kupirira miyeso yapanoyi, ngakhale makinawo atapanga ma spikes apano. Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zikuganiziridwa pano ndizopitilira komanso kugunda kwamphamvu. Mumayendedwe opitilira, MOSFET imakhala yokhazikika, pomwe pano ikuyenda mosalekeza kudzera pa chipangizocho. Kuthamanga kwa pulse kumatanthawuza kuphulika kwakukulu (kapena spike current) kudutsa pa chipangizocho. Kamodzi pazipita zamakono pansi pazimenezi zatsimikiziridwa, ndi nkhani yosankha chipangizo chomwe chingathe kugwiritsira ntchito pakali pano. Pambuyo posankha pakali pano, kutayika kwa conduction kuyeneranso kuwerengedwa. Muzochitika zenizeni, MOSFET si chipangizo chabwino chifukwa pali kutaya mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi ya conduction, yomwe imatchedwa conduction loss. MOSFET imakhala ngati chopinga chosinthika chikakhala "pa", chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi RDS (ON) ya chipangizocho ndikusintha kwambiri ndi kutentha. Kutayika kwa mphamvu kwa chipangizochi kumatha kuwerengedwa ndi Iload2 × RDS (ON). Popeza kukana kumasintha ndi kutentha, kutayika kwa mphamvu kudzasinthanso molingana. Kukwera kwa VGS komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku MOSFET, RDS (ON) idzakhala yaying'ono; m'malo mwake, kukwezeka kwa RDS(ON) kudzakhala. Kwa wopanga makina, apa ndipamene malonda amabwera kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi. Pazojambula zonyamula, ndizosavuta (komanso zofala) kugwiritsa ntchito ma voltages otsika, pomwe pamapangidwe a mafakitale, ma voltages apamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Dziwani kuti kukana kwa RDS(ON) kudzakwera pang'ono ndi pano. Kusiyanasiyana kwamagawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi a RDS(ON) resistor atha kupezeka patsamba laukadaulo loperekedwa ndi wopanga. Ukadaulo umakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, chifukwa matekinoloje ena amakonda kukulitsa RDS(ON) akamakulitsa VDS yayikulu. Paukadaulo wotero, ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa VDS ndi RDS(ON), muyenera kukulitsa kukula kwa chip, potero muwonjezere kukula kwa phukusi lofananira ndi ndalama zofananira. Pali matekinoloje angapo pamakampani omwe akuyesera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa chip, chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ndi matekinoloje owerengera mayendedwe. Muukadaulo wa ngalande, ngalande yakuya imayikidwa mu chowotcha, nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ma voltages otsika, kuti muchepetse kukana kwa RDS (ON). Pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira za VDS pa RDS(ON), ndondomeko ya kukula kwa epitaxial / etching column inagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, Fairchild Semiconductor yapanga ukadaulo wotchedwa SuperFET womwe umawonjezera njira zopangira zochepetsera RDS(ON). Kuyang'ana kumeneku pa RDS(ON) ndikofunikira chifukwa mphamvu yakuwonongeka kwa MOSFET yokhazikika ikukwera, RDS(ON) imachulukirachulukira ndikupangitsa kukula kwa kufa. Njira ya SuperFET imasintha ubale wokulirapo pakati pa RDS(ON) ndi kukula kwa wafer kukhala ubale wamzere. Mwanjira iyi, zida za SuperFET zimatha kukwaniritsa zotsika za RDS(ON) m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale ndi ma voltages osweka mpaka 600V. Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti kukula kwa mtanda kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 35%. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto, izi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa phukusi.
Khwerero 3: Dziwani Zofunikira za Matenthedwe
Chotsatira posankha MOSFET ndikuwerengera zofunikira za kutentha kwa dongosolo. Okonza ayenera kuganizira zochitika ziwiri zosiyana, zochitika zoipitsitsa komanso zochitika zenizeni. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zowerengera, chifukwa chotsatirachi chimapereka malire ochulukirapo achitetezo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi silidzalephera. Palinso deta yoyezera yomwe ikufunika chidwi pa pepala la data la MOSFET; monga kukana kwamafuta pakati pa mphambano ya semiconductor ya chipangizo chopakidwa ndi chilengedwe, komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphambano. Kutentha kwapamtunda kwa chipangizocho ndi kofanana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira kuphatikizapo chinthu cha kukana kutentha ndi kutaya mphamvu (kutentha kwapakati = kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira + [kukana kutentha × kutaya mphamvu]). Malinga ndi equation iyi, kutha kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa dongosololi kumatha kuthetsedwa, komwe kuli kofanana ndi I2 × RDS(ON) ndi tanthauzo. Popeza wopangayo watsimikiza kuchuluka kwamakono komwe kudzadutsa pa chipangizocho, RDS(ON) ikhoza kuwerengedwa pa kutentha kosiyana. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pochita ndi zitsanzo zosavuta zotentha, okonza ayenera kuganiziranso za kutentha kwa semiconductor junction / device case ndi case / chilengedwe; izi zimafuna kuti bolodi losindikizidwa ndi phukusi zisatenthe nthawi yomweyo. Kuwonongeka kwa avalanche kumatanthauza kuti voteji yam'mbuyo pa chipangizo cha semiconductor imaposa mtengo wapamwamba ndipo imapanga malo amphamvu amagetsi kuti awonjezere zamakono mu chipangizocho. Izi zitha kuwononga mphamvu, kuonjezera kutentha kwa chipangizocho, ndipo mwina kuwononga chipangizocho. Makampani a Semiconductor azichita kuyesa kwa avalanche pazida, kuwerengera mphamvu yamagetsi awo, kapena kuyesa kulimba kwa chipangizocho. Pali njira ziwiri zowerengera oveteredwa chigumukire voteji; imodzi ndi njira yowerengera ndipo inayo ndi yowerengera matenthedwe. Kuwerengera kwa kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa ndikothandiza kwambiri. Makampani ambiri apereka zambiri za kuyesa kwa zida zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Fairchild Semiconductor amapereka "Power MOSFET Avalanche Guidelines" (Power MOSFET Avalanche Guidelines-atha kutsitsa kuchokera pa tsamba la Fairchild). Kuphatikiza pa computing, ukadaulo umakhalanso ndi chikoka chachikulu pakuchita kwa avalanche. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa kufa kumawonjezera kukana kwa chigumula ndipo pamapeto pake kumawonjezera kulimba kwa chipangizocho. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto, izi zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito phukusi lalikulu mu dongosolo.
Khwerero 4: Dziwani momwe kusintha kwasinthira
Gawo lomaliza posankha MOSFET ndikuzindikira kusintha kwa MOSFET. Pali magawo ambiri omwe amakhudza kusintha magwiridwe antchito, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndi chipata / kukhetsa, chipata / gwero ndi kukhetsa / gwero lamphamvu. Ma capacitor awa amapanga zotayika zosinthika mu chipangizocho chifukwa amalipidwa nthawi iliyonse akasintha. Kuthamanga kwa MOSFET kumachepetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya chipangizocho imachepetsedwanso. Kuti muwerengere zotayika zonse mu chipangizo panthawi yosinthira, wopanga ayenera kuwerengera zotayika pakuyatsa (Eon) ndi zotayika pakuzimitsa (Eoff). Mphamvu yonse yosinthira MOSFET imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi equation yotsatirayi: Psw=(Eon+Eoff)×kusintha pafupipafupi. Kukwera pachipata (Qgd) kumakhudza kwambiri kusintha magwiridwe antchito. Kutengera kufunikira kosintha magwiridwe antchito, matekinoloje atsopano akupangidwa nthawi zonse kuti athetse vutoli. Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa chip kumawonjezera chipata; izi zimawonjezera kukula kwa chipangizo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa masinthidwe, matekinoloje atsopano monga ma oxidation oxidation pansi pa channel atuluka, pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wa zipata. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo watsopano wa SuperFET ukhoza kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma conduction ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pochepetsa RDS(ON) ndi chipata cha chipata (Qg). Mwanjira imeneyi, ma MOSFET amatha kupirira ma voltages othamanga kwambiri (dv/dt) ndi ma transients apano (di/dt) pakusintha, ndipo amatha kugwiranso ntchito modalirika pamasinthidwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-23-2023
