Kodi mfundo ya MOSFET yamphamvu kwambiri ndi yotani?

MOSFET yemweyo wamphamvu kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo osiyanasiyana oyendetsa kudzapeza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osinthira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwebumwemwemwemwemwedwe kuyi lugha iku nguyiyitsire Choncho, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa dera loyendetsa galimoto kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ya dera lalikulu, kulingalira kwa mapangidwe a dera loyendetsa galimoto kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Thyristor yaying'ono, yopepuka, yogwira ntchito kwambiri, moyo wautali, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, imatha kuyimitsa chowongolera ndi inverter, ndipo sichingasinthe mawonekedwe ozungulira potengera kusintha kukula kwa rectifier kapena inverter current.IGBT ndi gulu lophatikizika. chipangizo chaMOSFETndi GTR, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a liwiro losinthira mwachangu, kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino, mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono komanso dera losavuta loyendetsa, ndipo ili ndi zabwino zake pakutsika kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono paboma, kupirira voteji komanso kuvomereza kwakukulu kwapano. IGBT ngati chipangizo chopangira mphamvu zambiri, makamaka m'malo amphamvu kwambiri, chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Njira yabwino yoyendetsera zida zosinthira mphamvu za MOSFET zikuyenera kukwaniritsa izi:

(1) Pamene chubu yosinthira mphamvu imatsegulidwa, dera loyendetsa galimoto lingapereke mphamvu yowonjezereka, kuti pakhale mphamvu zokwanira zoyendetsa galimoto ikatsegulidwa, motero kuchepetsa kutayika.

(2) Panthawi yosinthira chubu, malo oyambira omwe amaperekedwa ndi MOSFET dera loyendetsa amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti chubu chamagetsi chili m'malo odzaza katundu, ndikuwonetsetsa kutayika kocheperako. Pofuna kuchepetsa nthawi yosungirako, chipangizocho chiyenera kukhala chovuta kwambiri chisanatseke.

(3) kutsekedwa, dera loyendetsa galimoto liyenera kupereka zokwanira zotsalira zotsalira kuti zifike mwamsanga zonyamulira zotsalira m'dera loyambira kuti muchepetse nthawi yosungirako; ndikuwonjezera reverse bias cutoff voltage, kuti wosonkhanitsa agwe mwachangu kuti achepetse nthawi yotera. Zachidziwikire, kutseka kwa thyristor kumakhalabe makamaka ndi kutsika kwa voliyumu ya anode kuti amalize kuzimitsa.

Pakali pano, thyristor galimoto ndi nambala yofananira basi kupyolera thiransifoma kapena optocoupler kudzipatula kulekanitsa otsika voteji mapeto ndi mkulu voteji mapeto, ndiyeno mwa kutembenuka dera kuyendetsa thyristor conduction. Pa IGBT pakugwiritsa ntchito ma module ambiri a IGBT pagalimoto, komanso Integrated IGBT, kudzisamalira nokha, kudzizindikiritsa ndi magawo ena ogwira ntchito a IPM.

Mu pepala ili, chifukwa thyristor timagwiritsa ntchito, kupanga dera experimental pagalimoto, ndi kusiya mayeso enieni kutsimikizira kuti akhoza kuyendetsa thyristor. Ponena za kuyendetsa kwa IGBT, pepala ili makamaka limayambitsa mitundu ikuluikulu yamakono ya IGBT pagalimoto, komanso kayendedwe kawo koyenderana, komanso njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi optocoupler isolation drive kuti ayimitse kuyesa koyerekeza.

2. Thyristor drive circuit study in general mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito thyristor ndi:

(1) thyristor amavomereza n'zosiyana anode voteji, mosasamala kanthu za chipata amavomereza mtundu wa voteji, ndi thyristor ali mu dziko.

(2) Thyristor amavomereza kutsogolo kwa anode voteji, pokhapokha ngati chipata chimalandira mphamvu yabwino yomwe thyristor ili.

(3) Thyristor mu khalidwe conduction, kokha ena zabwino anode voteji, mosasamala kanthu za chipata voteji, thyristor anaumirira conduction, ndiko kuti, pambuyo poti thyristor conduction, chipata atayika. (4) thyristor mu khalidwe conduction, pamene waukulu dera voteji (kapena panopa) kuchepetsedwa kwa pafupi ziro, ndi thyristor shutdown. Timasankha thyristor ndi TYN1025, kupirira kwake ndi 600V mpaka 1000V, panopa mpaka 25A. pamafunika chipata pagalimoto voteji ndi 10V kuti 20V, galimoto panopa ndi 4mA kuti 40mA. ndi kukonza kwake panopa ndi 50mA, injini panopa ndi 90mA. mwina DSP kapena CPLD kuyambitsa matalikidwe chizindikiro bola ngati 5V. Choyamba, malinga ngati matalikidwe a 5V mu 24V, ndiyeno kupyolera mu 2: 1 kudzipatula thiransifoma kuti atembenuke 24V choyambitsa chizindikiro mu 12V choyambitsa chizindikiro, pamene kukwaniritsa ntchito ya kumtunda ndi m'munsi voteji kudzipatula.

Kuyesera kuzungulira dera ndi kusanthula

Choyamba, kulimbikitsa dera, chifukwa cha kudzipatula thiransifoma dera kumbuyo siteji yaMOSFETChipangizocho chimafunikira 15V choyambitsa chizindikiro, kotero kufunikira koyambira matalikidwe a 5V choyambitsa chizindikiro kukhala chizindikiro cha 15V, kudzera pa MC14504 5V siginecha, kusinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha 15V, kenako kudzera pa CD4050 pakutulutsa kwa 15V drive siginecha, njira 2. yolumikizidwa ndi siginecha yolowera ya 5V, njira 1 yolumikizidwa ndi chotuluka Channel 2 yolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha 5V, njira. 1 imalumikizidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa siginecha ya 15V.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi kudzipatula thiransifoma dera, ntchito yaikulu ya dera ndi: 15V choyambitsa chizindikiro, kusandulika 12V choyambitsa chizindikiro kuyambitsa kumbuyo thyristor conduction, ndi kuchita 15V choyambitsa chizindikiro ndi mtunda pakati pa kumbuyo. siteji.

Mfundo ntchito dera ndi: chifukwa chaMOSFETIRF640 pagalimoto voteji 15V, kotero, choyamba, mu J1 kupeza 15V lalikulu yoweyula chizindikiro, kudzera resistor R4 olumikizidwa kwa 1N4746 chowongolera, kuti choyambitsa voteji ndi khola, komanso kuti choyambitsa voteji si mkulu kwambiri. , anawotcha MOSFET, ndiyeno ku MOSFET IRF640 (m'malo mwake, iyi ndi chubu chosinthira, kuwongolera kumbuyo kwa kutsegulira ndi kutseka. Kuwongolera kumapeto kwa kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa), mutatha kulamulira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Pamene MOSFET imatsegulidwa, yofanana ndi D-pole pansi, imachotsedwa ikatsegulidwa, pambuyo pa dera lakumbuyo lakumbuyo lofanana ndi 24 V. . Kumapeto kumanja kwa thiransifoma kumalumikizidwa ndi mlatho wokonzanso, ndiyeno chizindikiro cha 12V chimachokera ku cholumikizira X1.

Mavuto omwe anakumana nawo panthawi yoyesera

Choyamba, mphamvu itatsegulidwa, fuseyo inawombera mwadzidzidzi, ndipo pambuyo pake poyang'ana dera, anapeza kuti panali vuto ndi mapangidwe oyambirira a dera. Poyambirira, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za kusintha kwake kwa chubu, 24V pansi ndi 15V pansi kulekanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipata cha MOSFET G chofanana ndi kumbuyo kwa S pole kuyimitsidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa zabodza. Chithandizo ndikulumikiza 24V ndi 15V pansi palimodzi, ndikuletsanso kuyesa, dera limagwira ntchito bwino. Kulumikizana kwa circuit ndikwachilendo, koma mukatenga nawo gawo pamakina oyendetsa, kutentha kwa MOSFET, kuphatikiza chizindikiro chagalimoto kwakanthawi, fusesi imawombedwa, kenako ndikuwonjezera chizindikiro choyendetsa, fusesi imawombedwa mwachindunji. Yang'anani dera lapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa siginecha yoyendetsa ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yoyatsa MOSFET ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mapangidwe a dera lino amapangitsa kuti MOSFET ikatsegulidwe, 24V idawonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa MOSFET, ndipo sanawonjezere chopinga chomwe chilipo, ngati nthawiyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuti ipangitse kuti ikukulirakulira, kuwonongeka kwa MOSFET, kufunika kowongolera kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya siginecha sikungakhale kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri mu 10% mpaka 20% kapena apo.

2.3 Kutsimikizika kwa dera loyendetsa

Pofuna kutsimikizira kuthekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, timagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa dera la thyristor kugwirizana mndandanda wina ndi mzake, thyristor mu mndandanda wina ndi mzake ndiyeno odana ndi kufanana, mwayi wopita ku dera ndi inductive reactance, mphamvu yamagetsi. ndi 380V AC gwero lamagetsi.

MOSFET muderali, thyristor Q2, Q8 trigger siginecha kudzera pa G11 ndi G12 kupeza, pomwe Q5, Q11 imayambitsa chizindikiro kudzera pa G21, G22. Chizindikiro choyendetsa galimoto chisanayambe kulandiridwa ku mlingo wa chipata cha thyristor, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yotsutsa kusokoneza kwa thyristor, chipata cha thyristor chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi resistor ndi capacitor. Derali limalumikizidwa ndi inductor kenako ndikuyika gawo lalikulu. Pambuyo kulamulira ma conduction ngodya ya thyristor kulamulira inductor lalikulu mu nthawi yaikulu dera, madera chapamwamba ndi m'munsi mwa mbali ngodya ya choyambitsa chizindikiro kusiyana kwa theka la mkombero, chapamwamba G11 ndi G12 ndi choyambitsa chizindikiro njira yonse. kupyolera mumayendedwe oyendetsa kutsogolo kwa thiransifoma yodzipatula imadzipatula kwa wina ndi mzake, G21 yapansi ndi G22 imasiyanitsidwanso mofanana ndi chizindikiro. Awiri choyambitsa zizindikiro kuyambitsa odana ndi ofanana thyristor dera zabwino ndi zoipa conduction, pamwamba pa 1 njira chikugwirizana ndi lonse thyristor dera voteji, mu thyristor conduction amakhala 0, ndi 2, 3 njira chikugwirizana thyristor dera mmwamba ndi pansi. zizindikiro zoyambitsa msewu, njira ya 4 imayesedwa ndi kutuluka kwa thyristor yonse yamakono.

2 njira yoyezera chizindikiro chabwino choyambitsa, choyambitsidwa pamwamba pa mayendedwe a thyristor, pano ndi abwino; 3 njira yoyezera chizindikiro choyambira kumbuyo, ndikuyambitsa mayendedwe otsika a thyristor conduction, yapano ndi yoyipa.

3.IGBT galimoto dera la semina IGBT galimoto dera lili ndi zopempha zambiri zapadera, mwachidule:

(1) kuyendetsa liwiro la kukwera ndi kugwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira. igbt kuyatsa, nsonga yotsogolera ya voteji yotsetsereka imawonjezedwa ku chipata G ndi emitter E pakati pa chipata, kotero kuti imayatsidwa mwachangu kuti ifike kufupi kwambiri nthawi yochepetsera kutayika. Mu IGBT shutdown, chipata pagalimoto dera ayenera kupereka IGBT m'mphepete ankafika ndi otsetsereka shutdown voteji, ndi IGBT chipata G ndi emitter E pakati yoyenera n'zosiyana kukondera voteji, kuti IGBT mofulumira shutdown, kufupikitsa nthawi shutdown, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa shutdown.

(2) Pambuyo poyendetsa IGBT, magetsi oyendetsa galimoto ndi omwe amaperekedwa ndi chipata choyendetsa galimoto ayenera kukhala amplitude yokwanira ya IGBT pagalimoto yamagetsi ndi yamakono, kotero kuti mphamvu yotulutsa IGBT nthawi zonse imakhala yodzaza. Kuchulukirachulukira, mphamvu yoyendetsa yomwe imaperekedwa ndi dera loyendetsa chipata iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuti IGBT isatuluke m'dera la saturation ndi kuwonongeka.

(3) IGBT gate gate drive circuit iyenera kupereka IGBT positive drive voltage kuti itenge mtengo woyenerera, makamaka mu njira yachidule yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu IGBT, mpweya wabwino woyendetsa galimoto uyenera kusankhidwa ku mtengo wochepa wofunikira. Kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ya IGBT kuyenera kukhala 10V ~ 15V kuti ikhale yabwino.

(4) IGBT shutdown ndondomeko, zoipa kukondera voteji ntchito pakati pa chipata - emitter ndi yabwino shutdown mofulumira wa IGBT, koma sayenera kumwedwa lalikulu kwambiri, wamba kutenga -2V kuti -10V.

(5) Pankhani ya katundu wamkulu wochititsa chidwi, kusintha mofulumira kwambiri kumakhala kovulaza, katundu wamkulu wochititsa chidwi mu IGBT mofulumira kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa, adzatulutsa maulendo apamwamba kwambiri komanso matalikidwe apamwamba ndi m'lifupi mwake ndi spike voteji Ldi / dt. , kukwerako sikophweka kuyamwa, kosavuta kupanga kuwonongeka kwa chipangizo.

(6) Monga IGBT imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okwera kwambiri, motero dera loyendetsa galimoto liyenera kukhala ndi dera lonse lolamulira lomwe lingathe kudzipatula kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito wamba kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono kolumikizira kudzipatula kapena kudzipatula kwa thiransifoma.

Yendetsani mawonekedwe ozungulira

Ndi chitukuko cha luso Integrated, panopa IGBT pachipata galimoto dera makamaka amawongoleredwa ndi Integrated tchipisi. The mode control akadali makamaka mitundu itatu:

(1) mwachindunji kuyambitsa mtundu palibe kudzipatula magetsi pakati athandizira ndi linanena bungwe chizindikiro.

(2) thiransifoma kudzipatula pagalimoto pakati athandizira ndi linanena bungwe chizindikiro ntchito zimachitika thiransifoma kudzipatula, kudzipatula voteji mlingo mpaka 4000V.

Pali 3 njira motere

Njira yopanda phokoso: kutulutsa kwa transformer yachiwiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa mwachindunji IGBT, chifukwa cha zofooka za volt-second equalization, zimangogwira ntchito kumalo kumene ntchito yozungulira sikusintha kwambiri.

Njira yogwira: thiransifoma imangopereka zizindikiro zodzipatula, mu gawo lachiwiri la pulasitiki amplifier kuyendetsa IGBT, kuyendetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wabwinoko, koma kufunikira kopereka mphamvu zothandizira zosiyana.

Njira yodzipangira: pulse transformer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa mphamvu zonse zoyendetsa galimoto komanso kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono komanso ukadaulo wa demodulation pakufalitsa ma siginecha amalingaliro, ogawidwa m'njira yodzipangira okha komanso ukadaulo wogawana nthawi, momwe kusinthira -mtundu wodzipatsira mphamvu ku mlatho wokonzanso kuti upangitse magetsi ofunikira, kusinthasintha kwapafupipafupi komanso ukadaulo wa demodulation kuti utumize malingaliro zizindikiro.

3. Kulumikizana ndi kusiyana pakati pa thyristor ndi IGBT pagalimoto

Thyristor ndi IGBT pagalimoto yozungulira ili ndi kusiyana pakati pa malo ofanana. Choyamba, mabwalo awiri oyendetsa galimoto amafunikira kuti azipatula chipangizo chosinthira ndi dera lowongolera kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kuti tipewe maulendo apamwamba kwambiri omwe ali ndi mphamvu pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kenako, onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipata choyendetsa chipata kuti ayambitse chipangizo chosinthira. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti galimoto ya thyristor imafuna chizindikiro chamakono, pamene IGBT imafuna chizindikiro chamagetsi. Pambuyo poyendetsa chipangizo chosinthira, chipata cha thyristor chataya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito thyristor, ngati mukufuna kutseka thyristor, ma terminals a thyristor ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kumagetsi obwerera; ndipo kutsekedwa kwa IGBT kumangofunika kuwonjezeredwa pachipata cha magetsi oyendetsa galimoto, kuti atseke IGBT.

4. Mapeto

Pepala ili makamaka linagawidwa m'magawo awiri a nkhani, gawo loyamba la thyristor pagalimoto dera pempho kusiya nkhaniyo, kamangidwe ka lolingana pagalimoto dera, ndi kamangidwe ka dera ntchito kwa othandiza thyristor dera, kudzera kayeseleledwe. ndi kuyesera kuti atsimikizire kuthekera kwa dera loyendetsa galimoto, njira yoyesera yomwe inakumana ndi kusanthula kwa mavuto omwe adayima ndi kuthana nawo. Gawo lachiwiri la zokambirana zazikulu pa IGBT pa pempho la dera pagalimoto, ndipo pamaziko awa kupititsa patsogolo kufotokoza panopa ambiri ntchito IGBT pagalimoto dera, ndi waukulu optocoupler kudzipatula pagalimoto dera kusiya kayeseleledwe ndi kuyesera, kutsimikizira kuthekera kwa dera la drive.